Loan Modification

... look at America?s stock exchanges more closely, and there?s less to them than meets the eye. In truth, the stock market is becoming increasingly irrelevant ? a trend that threatens the core principles of American capitalism.

These days a healthy stock market doesn?t mean a healthy economy, as a glance at the high unemployment rate or the low labor-market participation rate will show. The Tea Party is right about one thing: What?s good for Wall Street isn?t necessarily good for Main Street. And the Germans aren?t buying the New York Stock Exchange for its commoditized, highly competitive and ultra-low-margin stock business, but rather for its lucrative derivatives operations.

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The number of companies listed on the major domestic exchanges peaked in 1997 at more than 7,000, and it has been falling ever since. It?s now down to about 4,000 companies, and given its steep downward trend will surely continue to shrink.

Nor are the remaining stocks an obvious proxy for the health of the American economy. Innovative American companies like Apple and Google may be worth hundreds of billions of dollars, but most of them don?t pay dividends or employ many Americans, and their shares are essentially speculative investments for people making a bet on how we?re going to live in the future.

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Only the biggest and oldest companies are happy being listed on public markets today. As a result, the stock market as a whole increasingly fails to reflect the vibrancy and heterogeneity of the broader economy. To invest in younger, smaller companies, you increasingly need to be a member of the ultra-rich elite.